It's a device consisting of several small plastic parts (a trigger, piston, chamber, dip tube, and actuator) and often a spring and ball (or other seal). When the trigger is squeezed, it creates pressure that draws fluid up through the dip tube and expels it through a nozzle as a spray or foam.

Key Characteristics:

• Size: Typically used on bottles from 50ml (2 oz) to 500ml (16 oz), though 100ml-250ml is most common.

• Material: The main body is usually PP (Polypropylene) or PE (Polyethylene), chosen for chemical resistance and durability. The spring is metal.

• Operation: Manual, requiring repeated triggering for continuous output.

How It Works (The Mechanics)

The operation is a simple and clever application of basic pump mechanics:

1. Resting State: The spring holds the trigger in the open position. The pump chamber is full of air.

2. Squeezing the Trigger (Downstroke): This pushes the piston down, compressing the air in the chamber. This pressure closes the inlet valve (a small ball or seal) at the base, preventing liquid from going back down.

3. Dispensing: The pressurized liquid is forced up through a channel in the piston and out through a small orifice in the actuator nozzle. The design of this orifice determines the spray pattern (mist, stream, or foam).

4. Releasing the Trigger (Upstroke): The spring returns the trigger to its original position. This creates a vacuum in the pump chamber.

5. Drawing Liquid: The vacuum opens the inlet valve at the base and draws new liquid up the dip tube from the bottle, refilling the chamber.

6. Repeat: The pump is now "primed" and ready for the next squeeze.

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